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Specifying Flat Panels

There are many reasons why an installed panel may not appear flat. Achieving flatness starts with appropriate specification and fabrication. The internationally recognized materials standards (i.e. ASTM, EN and others) include flatness requirements. They can vary with the specification, thickness and product form.

For example, if you are specifying wide cold-rolled coil for panels using ASTM, A480/A480M determines the dimensional tolerance requirements and has two flatness options – standard and “Stretcher-Leveled Standard of Flatness”. Table 1 shows the flatness requirement differences. For architectural and aesthetic applications, the project specification and the fabricator’s order should require, “ASTM A480/A480M stretcher-leveled standard of flatness”. If this wording is not included, then standard flatness can be provided. Some stainless steel producers obtain stretcher-leveled quality of flatness by tension leveling coils, which is acceptable.

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Stainless Steel Specifications & Guidelines

Properly specified stainless steel can last the life of a building or structure with only minimal maintenance cleaning. Unfortunately, many project specifications are incomplete which can lead to unexpected failures.

In upcoming issues, Stainless Solutions will address common specification problems in more detail. This issue focuses on fundamental specification issues and the importance of using internationally recognized stainless steel specifications and guidelines.

IMOA and the Nickel Institute have developed a list of widely used international specifications and guidelines. It is regularly updated so please check imoa.info for the latest version.

International Specifications, Guidelines & Industry Associations

Below is an international list of widely used stainless steel product, material and welding standard specifications, structural design resources, basic rules and resource sites. Stainless steel industry association contacts are provided to assist with country-specific specifications:

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Each month, Stainless Solutions from IMOA covers a different stainless steel issue with tips on design and specification, and links to technical resources. This month they introduce new resources on the sustainability of molybdenum containing stainless and carbon steels.

Sustainable Resources

The decisions made in a wide range of industries have a direct effect on the sustainability of our buildings and cities. For example, pollutant emissions can be reduced by choosing longer life construction materials, alternative energy sources, and scrubber systems to minimize emissions. Higher strength carbon and corrosion-resistant stainless steels minimize resource use. Water is a valuable resource and its handling, treatment and recycling are increasingly important sustainability factors.

IMOA’s website has several resources that may be helpful including our Sustainable Architecture page which has links to articles, case studies and life cycle assessment studies. IMOA’s website also has information about molybdenum’s life cycle inventory (LCI) as well as other sustainability information. The International Stainless Steel Forum’s Sustainability website is also an excellent resource.

IMOA has published several case studies and Life Cycle Assessments related to the contribution molybdenum makes to sustainable development – CLICK HERE TO READ MORE.

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The austenitic stainless steels have been the primary alloys used for building and construction, consumer products and industrial applications. Their overwhelming popularity is due to several factors:

• Commonly available in all sizes and product forms;
• Highly formable, making very tight crisp bends possible;
• Easy to weld and repair;
• Widest range of aeshetic finishes; and
• Superior impact, blast and seismic performance

The most commonly used alloys have been Types 304 and 316 and their low carbon versions Types 304L and 316L. The low carbon versions are only needed when sections 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) thick and greater will be welded. The molybdenum addition to Types 316/316L makes them more resistant to chloride salts (coastal and deicing) and to pollution related corrosion.

Early architectural projects, built some 50 or more years ago, were constructed in Type 302, which is equivalent to modern Type 304. While Types 304/304L and their predecessor Type 302 were widely used historically for building and construction applications, Type 316/316L and sometimes more corrosion-resistant stainless steel alloys are increasingly being specified for exterior and sheltered applications.

This has occurred because of increasing global use of deicing salts, population concentration in coastal areas, and high pollution levels and rain acidity in developing countries. Sheltered areas are even more corrosive because they accumulate the same environmental contaminants but do not benefit from natural rain-washing. Austenitic grades with even greater corrosion resistance are used for industrial and seawater applications.

IMOA’s Stainless Steel Selection System, Case studies, Coastal Salt, Deicing Salt and other website resources provide alloy selection guidance. Visit this link to view those resources and the complete newsletter.

For more information or to schedule a workshop contact Catherine Houska, 412-369-0377.

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A faceted façade, creative cantilever and tightly spaced top define the structural system of Manhattan’s new center of trade for diamonds, gems and jewelry.

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