The Jacob K. Javits Federal Building in Manhattan’s Civic Plaza is home to 20 federal agencies, including the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which receives more than 1,000 visitors each day. To solve the problem of long lines outside the building, the result of the security screening process implemented in 1995, the General Services Administration hired architecture firm Lehman-Smith + McLeish and structural engineering firm Weidlinger to design a new pavilion on the building’s Broadway side. Wanting to maintain the open, glassy aspect of the original 1967 Kahn & Jacobs-designed lobby, the team framed the pavilion in structural steel to create a light-filled, lightweight structure that could be supported by an existing underground garage. Location: 26 Federal Plaza New York, NY Owner: General Services Administration, Public Building Services New York, NY Architect: Lehman-Smith + McLeish PLLC Washington, DC Structural Engineer: Weidlinger Associates New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: WSP Flack + Kurtz New York, NY General Contractor: Volmar Construction, Inc. Brooklyn, NY Curtain Wall Consultant: Advance Structures Inc. New York, NY Structural Steel Erector: Global Iron Works New York, NY Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator and Erector: Global Iron Works The Bronx, NY Architectural Metal Fabricator and Erector: Action Bullet Resistant Inc. West Islip, NY Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: Global Iron Works The Bronx, NY Curtain Wall Fabricator: United States Aluminum Waxahachie, TX Curtain Wall Erector: Action Bullet Resistant Inc. West Islip, NY Metal Deck Erector: Integrated Construction Inc. Hicksville, NY

When Bank of America commissioned Gensler to design a staircase uniting its trading floors at One Bryant Park, the architects knew that the design would represent the bank’s brand in addition to streamlining the flow of traffic between trading rooms. Erected after the building’s steel superstructure was in place, the exposed steel and glass staircase left no room for mistakes. As a result of the well-coordinated design and construction process, the illuminated structure now helps the bank stand out from neighboring corporate office buildings. Location: 1 Bryant Park New York, NY Owner: Bank of America at One Bryant Park, LLC, a joint venture between The Durst Organization and Bank of America, New York, NY Stair Design: Gensler New York, NY Architect: Cook + Fox Architects, LLP New York, NY Executive Architect: Adamson Associates Architects New York, NY Structural Engineer: Severud Associates New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Jaros, Baum & Bolles New York, NY General Contractor: Tishman Construction Corp. New York, NY Interior Fit-Out Construction Manager: Structure Tone Inc. New York, NY Curtain Wall Consultant: Israel Berger & Associates, Inc. New York, NY Structural Steel Erector: Cornell & Company Woodbury, NJ Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator: A-Val Architectural Metal Corporation Mount Vernon, NY Miscellaneous Iron Erector: Empire City Iron Works Long Island City, NY Ornamental Metal Erector: Melto Metal Products Freeport, NY Curtain Wall Fabricator: Permasteelisa Cladding Technologies, Ltd. Windsor, CT Curtain Wall Erector: Tower Erectors Clinton, NJ Metal Deck Erector: Cornell & Company Woodbury, NJ

When designing the Riverhouse condo project in Battery Park City, Polshek Partnership Architects had two main goals: maximize views of the Hudson River for occupants, and design the first LEED Platinum-rated building in New York City. The architects’ solution was to clad the building’s west elevation in a double glass curtain wall, increasing the envelope’s transparency for views and daylight, while simultaneously offering greater insulation values than those of punched-windowed neighbors. The panelized system saved money by expediting the construction process, and therefore met the approval of the developer and of the Battery Park City Authority, which traditionally requires a 60/40 glass/masonry ratio. Location: 2 River Terrace New York, NY Owner: Site 16/17 Development LLC New York, NY Developer: Sheldrake Organization New York, NY Architect: Polshek Partnership Architects New York, NY Architect of Record: Ishmael Leyva Architects New York, NY Structural Engineer: DiSimone Consulting Engineers New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Cosentini New York, NY General Contractor: Plaza Construction New York, NY Curtain Wall Consultant: R.A. Heintges & Associates New York, NY Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator and Erector: Ment Bros. I.W. Co., Inc. New York, NY Architectural Metal Erector: Airflex Industrial, Inc. Farmingdale, NY Ornamental Metal Erector: Airflex Industrial, Inc. Farmingdale, NY Curtain Wall Fabricators and Erectors: Enclos Corp. Egan, MN; United Ornamental Holtsville, NY

Once an icon of air travel’s future, Eero Saarinen’s iconic Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport was in danger of becoming a relic–until JetBlue hired Gensler to bring Terminal 5 into the 21st century. The firm’s structural steel design afforded JetBlue the flexibility to revive the historic Flight Center and to easily adapt to future programming, from new aircraft designs to new security regulations. Location: John F. Kennedy Airport New York, NY Owner: jetBlue Airways Corporation Floral Park, NY Architect: Gensler New York, NY Structural Engineer: Ammann & Whitney New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Arup New York, NY Construction Manager: Turner Construction New York, NY Curtain Wall Consultant: Gilsanz Murray Steficek New York, NY Structural Steel Fabricators: Helmark Structural Steel Inc. Wilmington, DE; Beauce Atlas, QC Canada Structural Steel Erector: Falcon Steel Erection Wilmington, DE Miscellaneous Iron Fabricator and Erector: FMB Inc. Harrison, NJ Architectural Metal Fabricator and Erector: Champion Metal & Glass, Inc. Deer Park, NJ Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: Champion Metal & Glass, Inc. Deer Park, NJ Metal Deck Erector: A.C. Associates Lyndhurst, NJ

Though early egg shaped digester (ESD) facilities were constructed of poured-in-place concrete, the difficulty and cost of forming the digesters’ complex shapes with that method finalized the Department of Environmental Protection’s decision to use steel as the primary material throughout the Newtown Creek Wastewater Treatment Facility. Rather than attempt to hide the 110-foot-tall digester eggs, Polshek Partnership Architects clad the exotic forms in stainless steel and linked them with lighted steel and glass aerial walkways and turrets. Location: 320 Greenpoint Avenue Brooklyn, NY Owner: NYC Department of Environmental Protection New York, NY Architect: Polshek Partnership Architects New York, NY Structural and Mechanical Engineers: Greeley Hansen New York, NY; Hazen and Sawyer New York, NY; Malcolm Pirnie New York, NY<br/> Joint Contractors: AJ Pegno Oyster Bay, NY; Tully Construction Flushing, NY; Skanska USA Civil Whitestone, NY; Slattery Skanska New York, NY; Gottlieb Skanska Valley Stream, NY and Underpinning & Foundation Skanska Maspeth, NY; Picone/McCullagh JV Brooklyn, NY; and Perini Corporation Framingham, MA Structural Steel Erector: Budco Enterprises Hauppauge, NY Stainless Steel Cladding Fabricator: Overly Manufacturing Company Greensburg, PA

To foster a collaborative environment at Albert Einstein College of Medicine’s Michael F. Price Center for Genetic and Translational Medicine, Payette designed a dramatic steel spiral staircase that resembles the form of a double helix.

In planning and constructing Tribeca condo project One York for developer Stanley Perelman, TEN Arquitectos used the properties of structural steel to make the most of an extraordinarily difficult site.

An ethereal design of steel and open space, the two newly renovated dance studios are as graceful as the dancers that practice within them. Quickly outgrowing its space, the school looked for creative expansion solutions.

In a city full of glass and steel luxury condo developments, 40 Bond Street stands apart from the crowd. Its exterior of cast aluminum gates, stainless steel plates, curved bottle-green glass, and blackened copper is as rich as it is distinctive and iconic. Owner: 40 Bond Street Partners, LLC Developer: Ian Schrager Company Design Architect: Herzog & de Meuron Basel, CH Architect of Record: Handel Architects, LLP New York, NY Client’s Representative: David J. Spector & Associates, Inc. New York, NY Structural Engineer: DeSimone Consulting Engineers New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: Ambrosino DePinto & Schmieder New York, NY General Contractor: Bovis Lend Lease LMB, Inc. New York, NY Facade Consultant: Israel Berger & Associates, Inc. New York, NY Architectural Metal Erector: Empire Architectural Metal College Point, NY Wall Erector: S & C Products New York, NY

A building with a double purpose, the Brooklyn Children’s Museum is meant to house its works, and incorporate learning into its very design. Part of a $46 million expansion, the recent renovation doubled the amount of space while providing a street presence the former 1970s designed exterior sorely lacked. The use of steel allowed the creation of long truss spans and cantilevers that provides space for glass openings along the street, making it the most unique building in the neighborhood. Owner: New York City Department of Design and Construction New York, NY Architect: Rafael Viñoly Architects PC New York, NY Structural Engineer: Dewhurst MacFarlane & Partners New York, NY Mechanical Engineer: ARUP New York, NY Construction Manager: Koch Skanska Carteret, NJ Structural Steel Fabricators and Erectors: Steel Co./Metropolitan Steel Industries, Inc. Sinking Spring, PA Miscellaneous Steel Fabricators: Transcontinental Steel Newark, NJ Architectural Metal Erectors: W&W Glass Systems, Inc. Nanuet, NY Ornamental Metal Fabricator and Erector: Transcontinental Steel Newark, NJ Curtain Wall Erector: W&W Glass Systems, Inc. Nanuet, NY Metal Deck Erector: A.C. Associates Lyndhurst, NJ